HMG

HMG (Human Menopausal Gonadotropin) is a naturally derived, highly purified gonadotropin preparation that contains both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) activity. Manufacturers traditionally obtain HMG from the urine of postmenopausal women. After menopause, reduced ovarian feedback increases pituitary gonadotropin release, which raises urinary FSH and LH levels. Purification processes concentrate these gonadotropin activities for research and reproductive endocrinology applications.

This purified preparation allows researchers to investigate the integrated hormonal signalling of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. Unlike single-hormone preparations, HMG provides a broader model for examining reproductive endocrine function involving follicular development, spermatogenesis, steroid hormone production, and gonadal receptor interactions in both male and female biological systems.

HMG is not a single, chemically defined molecule and therefore does not possess a fixed molecular formula or molecular weight. Instead, it is characterized by its hormonal composition and biological activity